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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) - Samoa (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) z Samoa (2002)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)Samoa (2002)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsSamoa
Administrative divisions - 11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano
Age structure - 0-14 years: 30.6% (male 27,774; female 26,854)


15-64 years: 63.5% (male 71,358; female 42,150)


65 years and over: 5.9% (male 4,859; female 5,636) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - coconuts, bananas, taro, yams
Airports - 3 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 2,944 sq km


land: 2,934 sq km


water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997.
Birth rate - 15.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $105 million


expenditures: $119 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001/2002)
Capital - Apia
Climate tropical tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October)
Coastline 74.1 km 403 km
Constitution - 1 January 1962
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa


conventional short form: Samoa


former: Western Samoa
Currency - tala (WST)
Death rate - 6.35 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $192 million (1999)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: the Ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Samoa


embassy: 5th floor John Williams Building, Beach Road, Apia


mailing address: P. O. Box 3430, Apia


telephone: [685] 21631


FAX: [685] 22030
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE


chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196, 6197


FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches none
Economic aid - recipient - $42.9 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview no economic activity The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. The decline of fish stocks in the area is a continuing problem. Tourism is an expanding sector, accounting for 16% of GDP; about 85,000 tourists visited the islands in 2000. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low.
Electricity - consumption - 95.79 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 103 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 59%


hydro: 41%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mauga Silisili 1,857 m
Environment - current issues NA soil erosion
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
Exchange rates - tala per US dollar - 3.5236 (January 2002), 3.4722 (2001), 3.2712 (2000), 3.0120 (1999), 2.9429 (1998), 2.5562 (1997)
Executive branch - chief of state: Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA (cochief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963)


head of government: Prime Minister Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA (since 24 November 1998); note - TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime minister from 1992 until he assumed the prime ministership in November 1998, when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor health; the post of deputy prime minister is currently vacant


cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of state with the prime minister's advice


elections: upon the death of Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly
Exports - $17 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities - fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, garments, beer
Exports - partners - Australia 62%, Indonesia 13%, US 11%, American Samoa 3%, New Zealand 3% (2000)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation
GDP - purchasing power parity - $618 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 16%


industry: 18%


services: 66% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $3,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 6% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 13 35 S, 172 20 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 occupies an almost central position within Polynesia
Highways - total: 836 km


paved: 267 km


unpaved: 569 km (1983)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $90 million f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities - machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs
Imports - partners - Australia 27%, US 26%, New Zealand 14%, Fiji 12%, Japan 9% (2000)
Independence - 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate - 2.8% (2000)
Industries - food processing, building materials, auto parts
Infant mortality rate - 30.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW (signatory), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force - 90,000 (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)		 arable land: 19.43%


permanent crops: 23.67%


other: 56.9% (1998 est.)
Languages - Samoan (Polynesian), English
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs or matai may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms)


elections: byelection last held NA November 2001 (next byelection to be held 29 March 2002)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HRPP 30, SNDP 13, independents 6
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 69.8 years


male: 67.06 years


female: 72.69 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 80%


male: 81%


female: 79% (1999)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,091 GRT/ 8,127 DWT


ships by type: cargo 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
Military branches - no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is celebrated
Nationality - noun: Samoan(s)


adjective: Samoan
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards occasional typhoons; active volcanism
Natural resources fish hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
Net migration rate - -11.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - Christian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman]; Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua NAIMOAGA]; Samoan National Development Party or SNDP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman] (opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary]; Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]; Samoan United Independent Party or SUIP [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 178,631 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - -0.25% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 174,849 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.69 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female


total population: 1.39 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 8,183 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 1,545 (February 1998)
Television broadcast stations - 6 (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
Total fertility rate - 3.3 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%; note - substantial underemployment
Waterways - none
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